Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast as a Territory within Stavropol Krai in 1957 and early-to-mid 1958: Peculiarities of the Political and Legal Status
https://doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2019-1-48-65
Abstract
The article deals with peculiarities of the political and legal status of Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast as a federal subject of the RSFSR within Stavropol Krai (1957-1958) after the restoration of autonomy. The study applies historical and legal research methods to examine provisions of respective Soviet constitutions, statutory acts issued by the supreme governing institutions of the USSR and RSFSR. It also analyzes views of Soviet political scientists on the federal nature of the RSFSR, the place of autonomous regions in the ‘hierarchy’ of Soviet autonomies, peculiarities pertaining to the regulation of their legal status during the specified period. Given that the Autonomous Oblast proved shot-lived enough, the paper characterizes Kalmykia’s autonomy of that period as a transitional form towards the former status of Autonomous Republic.
Keywords
RSFSR,
Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast,
Stavropol Krai,
restoration of repressed peoples’ autonomies,
political and legal status
Supporting agencies: Research was performed within a government subsidy — project ‘Socio-Political and Cultural Development of South Russia’s Peoples: a Comprehensive Research of Respective Processes’ (State Reg. No. АААА-А19-119011490038-5).
About the Author
E. Gunaev
Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS
Russian Federation
Cand. Sc. (Law), Senior Research Associate
Russian Federation
Cand. Sc. (Law), Senior Research Associate
References
1. Zakon RSFSR ot 27 dekabrya 1958 g. «O vnesenii izmeneniy v stat'i 14 i 31 Konstitutsii (Osnovnogo Zakona) RSFSR» [Law of the RSFSR of 27 December 1958 ‘On Amendments to Articles 14 and 31 of the Constitution (Framework Law) of the RSFSR’]. Available at: http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1937/zakony/3946626/ (accessed: 20 February 2019). (In Rus.)
2. Zakon SSSR ot 11 fevralya 1957 g. «Ob utverzhdenii Ukazov Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR o vosstanovlenii natsional'noy avtonomii balkarskogo, chechenskogo, ingushskogo, kalmytskogo i karachaevskogo narodov» [Law of the USSR of 11 February 1957 ‘On Confirmation of Edicts Issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR and Declaring the Restoration of National Autonomies of the Balkar, Chechen, Ingush, Kalmyk and Karachay Peoples’]. Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1957. No. 4. Art. 78. (In Rus.)
3. Zakon SSSR ot 11 fevralya 1957 g. «Ob otnesenii k vedeniyu soyuznykh respublik razresheniya voprosov oblastnogo, kraevogo administrativno-territorial'nogo ustroystva» [Law of the USSR of 11 February 1957 ‘On Designation of Issues Pertaining to Oblast and Krai Administrative Divisions As Ones Under the Jurisdiction of Union Republics’]. Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1957. No. 4. Art. 80. (In Rus.)
4. Zakon SSSR ot 25 dekabrya 1958 g. «Ob utverzhdenii Ukazov Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR “O pereimenovanii Buryat-Mongol'skoy Avtonomnoy Sovetskoy Sotsialisticheskoy Respubliki” i “O preobrazovanii Kalmytskoy avtonomnoy oblasti v Kalmytskuyu Avtonomnuyu Sovetskuyu Sotsialisticheskuyu Respubliku” i o vnesenii izmeneniy v stat'yu 22 Konstitutsii (Osnovnogo Zakona) SSSR» [Law of the USSR of 25 December 1958 ‘On Confirmation of Edicts Issued by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR ‘On Renaming of the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic’ and ‘On Transformation of Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast into the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic’ and on Amendments to Article 22 of the Constitution (Framework Law) of the USSR’]. Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1959. No. 1. Art. 18. (In Rus.)
5. Konstitutsii i konstitutsionnye akty RSFSR. 1918–1937 gg. [Constitutions and constitutional acts of the RSFSR: 1918 – 1937]. Coll. documents. Acad. A. Ya. Vyshinsky (ed.). USSR Acad. of Sc, Inst. of Law. Moscow: Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR, 1940. Pp. 211–213. (In Rus.)
6. Kniga pamyati ssylki kalmytskogo naroda [A Memorial Book of the Kalmyk People]. Vol. 1, book 3: Restoration of autonomy and rehabilitation of the Kalmyk people. Part 1 ‘Restoration of autonomy (1956-1963)’. Coll. documents and materials. K. N. Ilyumzhinov et al. (eds.); V. Z. Atueva et al. (comps.). Elista: Kalm. Book Publ., 2004. 586 p. (In Rus.)
7. Postanovlenie Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 7 marta 1991 g. № 2013-1 «Ob otmene zakonodatel'nykh aktov v svyazi s Deklaratsiey Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 14 noyabrya 1989 goda “O priznanii nezakonnymi i prestupnymi repressivnykh aktov protiv narodov, podvergshikhsya nasil'stvennomu pereseleniyu, i obespechenii ikh prav”» [Decree of the Supreme Council of the USSR of 7 March 1991 No. 2013-1 ‘On Abrogation of Some Legislative Acts Subsequent to the Declaration of the Supreme Council of the USSR of 14 November 1989 ‘On Condemnation of Repressive Actions against Forcibly Deported Peoples as Essentially Illegal and Protection of Their Rights’’]. Vedomosti S"ezda narodnykh deputatov SSSR i Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1991. No. 11. Art. 302. (In Rus.)
8. Postanovlenie Soveta Natsional'nostey Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR «Ob obrazovanii Ekonomicheskoy komissii Soveta Natsional'nostey» 11 fevralya 1957 g. [Decree of the Nationalities Council of the Supreme Council of the USSR ‘On Establishment of the Economic Commission under the Nationalities Council’]. Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1957. No. 4. Art. 89. (In Rus.)
9. Reabilitatsiya: kak eto bylo. Dokumenty Prezidiuma TsK KPSS i drugie materialy [The Rehabilitation: such as it was. Documents issued by the Presidium of the CPSU’s Central Committee and other materials]. Vol. II. February 1956 – early 1980s. Artizov A. N. et al. (comps.). Moscow: MFD, 2003. 960 p. (In Rus.)
10. RSFSR. Zakony i postanovleniya. Khronologicheskoe sobranie zakonov, ukazov Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta i postanovleniy Pravitel'stva RSFSR, 1958–1960 [The RSFSR: laws and decrees. Coll. laws and decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Council and government decrees of the RSFSR: 1958–1960]. M. A. Kopylovskaya (ed.); V. A. Boldyrev et al. (comps.). In 7 vols. Vol. 7: 1958–1960. Moscow: Gosyurizdat, 1960. 671 p. (In Rus.)
11. Sovetskie konstitutsii [Constitutions of the Soviets]. Chrestomathy: in 4 vols. Vol. 3. USSR: 1936–1977. D. V. Kuznetsov (comp.). Blagoveshchensk: Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical Univ., 2015. 18 p. (In Rus.).
12. Azovkin I. A., Iezuitov V. M. Pending issues regarding the legal status of Autonomous Oblasts. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo. 1959. No. 5. Pp. 69–78. (In Rus.)
13. Anisimova T. B. Developing the constitutional legislation of the RSFSR: a national-state structure of the republic. Konstitutsionnye osnovy natsional'no-gosudarstvennogo stroitel'stva SSSR. Coll. papers. Moscow: Acad. of Soc. Sc., Central Committee of CPSU, 1983. 131 p. (In Rus.)
14. Belousov S. S. Administrative and territorial changes in the Lower Volga Region during the Great Patriotic War and their consequences. Narody Yuga Rossii v otechestvennykh voynakh. Conf. proc. (6–7 September 2012, Rostov-on-Don). Akad. G. G. Matishov (ed.). Rostov-on-Don: South. Scient. Center of RAS, 2012. Pp. 290–295. (In Rus.)
15. Belousov S. S. National-territorial entities of the Kalmyk people in the 19th – early-to-mid 20th cc.: a role of the ethnic factor in the formation of administrative borders. Mezhetnicheskiy i mezhkonfessional'nyy dialog kak konsolidiruyuschaya osnova obschestva v bor'be protiv global'nykh ugroz terrorizma i ekstremizma. Conf. proc. (Astrakhan, 10 October 2013). A. V. Syzranov, O. S. Popova (comps., eds.). Astrakhan: Sorokin R. V., 2013. Pp. 102–110. (In Rus.)
16. Zaparivannyi R. I. Vosstanovlenie natsional'noy avtonomii kalmytskogo naroda 1953–1958 gg. [Restoration of the Kalmyk people’s autonomy: 1953- 1958]. A PhD thesis. Astrakhan State Univ. Astrakhan, 2006. 22 p. (In Rus.)
17. Zaparivannyi R. I. Establishment of Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast within Stavropol Krai. Vklad narodov Severnogo Kavkaza v pobedu nad fashizmom v Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyne 1941–1945 gg. Conf. proc. (27–28 April 2005). Ubushaev V. B. et al. (eds.). Elista: Kalmyk State Univ., 2005. Pp. 191–192. (In Rus.)
18. Zaparivannyi R. I. Transformation of Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast into a national republic: 1957–1958. Gumanitarnye issledovaniya. 2011. No. 1. Pp. 229–232. (In Rus.)
19. Zlatopolski D. L. Gosudarstvennoe ustroystvo SSSR [State structure of the USSR]. Moscow: Gosyurizdat, 1960. 300 p. (In Rus.)
20. Ilyumzhinov K. N., Maksimov K. N. Na puti k demokratii [On the way towards democracy]. Elista: Dzhangar, 1998. 288 p. (In Rus.)
21. Istoriya Kalmykii s drevneyshikh vremen do nashikh dney [A history of Kalmykia from the earliest times to the present days]. In 3 vols. Vol. II. Elista: Gerel, 2009. (In Rus.)
22. Istoriya natsional'no-gosudarstvennogo stroitel'stva v SSSR [1917–1966 gg.] [A history of nation building in the USSR: 1917 to 1966]. D. A. Chugaev (ed.). USSR Acad. of Sc., Inst. of History. Moscow: Mysl', 1968–1970. In 2 vols. Vol. 2: Nation building in the USSR during the Socialist and Building-of-Communism eras (1937–1967). 1970. 276 p. (In Rus.)
23. Kim A. I. The state and legal status of the RSFSR revisited. Izvestiya vuzov. Pravovedenie. 1960. No. 1. Pp. 26–33. (In Rus.)
24. Kuprits N. Ya. The autonomous oblast as a form of Soviet autonomy and its legal status. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo. 1940. No. 5–6. Pp. 11–23. (In Rus.)
25. Maksimov K. N. Kalmykiya v sovetskuyu epokhu: politika i realii [Kalmykia during the Soviet era: policies and realia]. Elista: Gerel, 2013. 464 p. (In Rus.)
26. Maksimov K. N. From the Khrushchev Thaw to political rehabilitation of the Kalmyk people: restoration of the autonomy. Vestnik Kalmytskogo instituta gumanitarnykh issledovaniy RAN. 2017. Vol. 29. No. 1. Pp. 38–47. (In Rus.)
27. Semenov P. G. Autonomies in Soviet state building processes. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo. 1959. No. 3. Pp. 30–40. (In Rus.)
28. Sudavtsov N. D. Kalmykia within Stavropol Krai during the restoration of the Kalmyk people’s autonomy (1957–1958 gg.). Vestnik Kalmytskogo instituta gumanitarnykh issledovaniy RAN. 2010. No. 2. Pp. 15–20. (In Rus.)
29. Tuguz Kh. I. Liquidation and restoration of the Kalmyk nationhood: political and legal aspects. Vestnik Adygeyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2006. No. 4. Pp. 82–94. (In Rus.)
30. Ubushaev V. B., Ubushaev K. V. Kalmyki: vyselenie, vozvraschenie, vozrozhdenie. 1943–1959 gg. [The Kalmyks: deportation, return, revival (1943-1959)]. Russian Federal Agency for Education, Kalmyk State Univ. Elista: Kalmyk State Univ., 2007. 494 p. (In Rus.)
31. Ubushaev V. B., Ubushaev K. V. Kalmyks in the late 1950s: from an autonomous oblast to the republic. Vestnik Regional'nogo instituta innovatsionnykh issledovaniy. 2009. No. 1. Pp. 10–15. (In Rus.)
32. Ubushaev K. V. Vozrozhdenie natsional'noy avtonomii repressirovannogo naroda 1957–1958 gg. [Restoring the national autonomy of a repressed people: 1957 – 1958]. Russian Federal Ministry of Education and Science, Kalmyk State Univ. Elista: Kalm. State Univ., 2017. 118 p. (In Rus.)
33. Ubushaev K. V. Restoration of national autonomy of the Kalmyk people within the RSFSR. Vestnik Kalmytskogo universiteta. 2017. No. 1 (33). Pp. 68–73. (In Rus.)
34. Khalilov A. M. RSFSR — sotsialisticheskoe federativnoe gosudarstvo [The RSFSR – a federative socialist state]. Kazan: Kazan State Univ., 1967. 138 p. (In Rus.).
Review
For citations:
Gunaev E. Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast as a Territory within Stavropol Krai in 1957 and early-to-mid 1958: Peculiarities of the Political and Legal Status. Mongolian Studies. 2019;11(1):48-65. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2019-1-48-65
Views:
591
Email this article 