Contemporary Ethnographic Studies of Mongolia

Abstract

Goals. The article aims to highlight the main results of ethnographic research in Mongolia. The basis for ethnographic studies in Mongolia was laid by the emergence of professional scientists in the late 1950s, development of research methodologies, and the formation of the main research directions. Since the mid-1960s, a new approach to ethnographic research has prevailed, and studies in the evolution of traditional nomadic pastoral culture in Mongolia began. It can be noted that during this period there were works on cultural anthropology. At the same time, the nomadic culture and customs of that time were described formally, with an emphasis on the historical period. The study of works from this period allows us to conclude that the research methodology was based on the fact that the reality of life rested on the source material and remained an ethnocultural fact that never lost its value. During the following decades, the main focus of Mongolian ethnographic research was, firstly, the study of the way of life of Mongolian ethnic groups, and secondly, the identification of the causes of cultural and ethnic changes. Systematic ethnographic research was actively conducted on various issues, such as animal husbandry, nomadic customs, settlements and dwellings, food, dairy products, clothing, family and marriage, religion, crafts and folklore. Results. Currently, the following can be noted. There is a development of theoretical research based on previously achieved scientific results. Field research methods of ethnography, social and cultural anthropology are becoming more complex, and the field of studying the cultural heritage of the Mongolian people is becoming more important.