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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mongol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Монголоведение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mongolian Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-1523</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-8059</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Калмыцкий научный центр Российской академии наук</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22162/2500-1523-2025-3-559-575</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mongol-1847</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭТНОЛОГИЯ И АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ETHNOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Образовательные стратегии монгольских семей скотоводов в условиях реформ: феноменологический анализ адаптации к 12-летнему обучению</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Educational Strategies of Mongolian Pastoral Families under Reform: a Phenomenological Analysis of Adaptation to 12-Year Schooling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6136-0130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хишигдулам</surname><given-names>Нанжидмаа</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khishigdulam</surname><given-names>Nanjidmaa</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lecturer</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khishigdulam@msue.edu.mn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-0805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Изгарская</surname><given-names>Анна Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Izgarskaya</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (Philosophy), Leading Research Associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aizgarskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Монгольский национальный университет образования (д. 296, район Сухэ-Батора, 14191 Улан-Батор, Монголия)</institution><country>Монголия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mongolian National University of Education (296, Sukhbaatar District, 14191 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)</institution><country>Mongolia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт философии и права Сибирского отделения РАН (д. 8, ул. Николаева, 630090 Новосибирск, Российская Федерация)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (8, Nikolaev St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>559</fpage><lpage>575</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хишигдулам Н., Изгарская А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хишигдулам Н., Изгарская А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khishigdulam N., Izgarskaya A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mongoloved.kigiran.com/jour/article/view/1847">https://mongoloved.kigiran.com/jour/article/view/1847</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Актуальность исследования определяется сложившимся противоречием между переходом Монголии на 12-летнюю систему образования и неготовностью шестилетних детей скотоводов участвовать в данном процессе. Заимствованная у стран с высоким уровнем доходов и оседлым образом жизни образовательная система не соответствует экономическим возможностям домохозяйств кочевников, не учитывает их образ жизни и особенности социализации их детей. До 2005 г. дети скотоводов начинали учебный процесс с 8 лет и были лучше подготовлены к проживанию в условиях созданной еще в советское время системы школ-интернатов. Цель исследования — обозначить стратегии адаптации семей скотоводов к снижению возраста поступления детей в школу, определить социально-экономические и психологические факторы, влияющие на выбор стратегии. Феноменологический метод качественного исследования и глубинные полуструктурированные интервью позволили понять мотивы, побуждающие родителей-скотоводов выбирать образовательную стратегию для своих детей. В результате феноменологического анализа 20 семей были выделены три зависимые от места проживания детей стратегии адаптации к снижению школьного возраста: в интернате; в семье родственников; сезонное разделение семьи для сопровождения ребенка в образовательном процессе. Описаны экономические, психологические и социальные издержки семей, обусловленные выбором стратегий. Домашнее обучение рассматривается как основная доступная для скотоводов-кочевников стратегия подготовки ребенка к школе. Данная стратегия требует организации системной методической помощи родителям. Использование услуг школьных интернатов является доминирующей стратегией бедных семей, вынужденных мириться с тем, что в условиях «текучки» педагогических кадров дети в возрасте 6–8 лет остаются без должного присмотра, сталкиваются с буллингом и различными видами дискриминации. Проживание ребенка с родственниками семьи рассмат­ривается как альтернативная, но не всем доступная стратегия, увеличивающая финансовые затраты и создающая нагрузку на принимающие семьи. Стратегия сезонного разделения семьи является наиболее благоприятной для ребенка, но ведет к перераспределению обязанностей в семье или реорганизации домохозяйства. В выводах подчеркнута необходимость разработки адаптированных к кочевому образу жизни моделей образования, улучшения инфраструктуры связи в сельских районах, снижения финансового бремени семей за счет государственной поддержки, создание специализированных программ подготовки к школе для шестилетних детей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the existing contradiction between Mongolia’s transition to a 12-year school education program and the socio-psychological unpreparedness of six-year-old children leading a nomadic lifestyle with their herdsmen parents to participate in this process. Since the collapse of the socialist system, the Mongolian government has been borrowing educational models from high-income countries with sedentary populations, which do not correspond to the economic opportunities of nomadic households and do not take into account their lifestyle and the socialization characteristics of their children. During the Soviet period, nomadic children attended school from the age of 8 and were better prepared for life in boarding schools. The aim of the study is to identify strategies for adaptation of nomadic families to the reduction in the age of children entering school, and to identify the socio-economic and psychological factors influencing the choice of strategy. The motives for choosing an educational strategy by nomadic families were described using a phenomenological qualitative research method and semi-structured in-depth interviews. A study of 20 families revealed three strategies for adapting to the decline in school age depending on the children’s place of residence: in a boarding school; in a family of relatives; seasonal separation of the family to accompany the child in the educational process. The economic, psychological and social costs of families due to the choice of strategies are described. Nomads view homeschooling as the primary strategy available to them for preparing their children for school. This strategy requires the organization of systematic work to provide methodological assistance to parents. Boarding schools are the dominant strategy for poor pastoralist families who have to accept that high turnover of teaching staff means that their children aged 6-8 years will be left without adequate supervision and may be subject to bullying and various forms of discrimination. Having a child live with family relatives is an alternative but not universally available strategy that increases the financial costs of the nomadic household and creates an additional burden for the host family. The strategy of seasonal separation of the family is the most favorable for the child. However, this strategy leads to a redistribution of responsibilities in the family or to a reorganization of the household. The study findings highlight the need to develop education models adapted to the nomadic lifestyle, improve communication infrastructure in rural areas, reduce the financial burden on families through government support, and create specialized preschool programs for six-year-olds.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>образование</kwd><kwd>Монголия</kwd><kwd>переход на 12-летнюю систему образования</kwd><kwd>семьи скотоводов</kwd><kwd>кочевой образ жизни</kwd><kwd>школы-интернаты</kwd><kwd>раннее школьное обучение</kwd><kwd>феноменологическое исследование</kwd><kwd>социальная адаптация</kwd><kwd>образовательные стратегии</kwd><kwd>доступ к образованию</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>education</kwd><kwd>Mongolia</kwd><kwd>transition to 12-year education system</kwd><kwd>pastoral families</kwd><kwd>nomadic way of life</kwd><kwd>boarding schools</kwd><kwd>early schooling</kwd><kwd>phenomenological research</kwd><kwd>social adaptation</kwd><kwd>educational strategies</kwd><kwd>access to education</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балдано, Кириченко 2012 ― Балдано М. 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